1-Vaccine Production.
(Vaccines boosts and activates the immune system and produces immunity)
2-Production of Monoclonal antibodies.
(Product of a single hybridoma reacts with the same epitope on antigens.used for diagnostic and immunotherapy)
3-Immunodiffusion Test.
( Precipitation reactions involve the reaction of soluble antigens with IgG or IgM antibodies to form large, interlocking molecular aggregates)
4-Haemagglutination Test)
(Hemagglutination reactions are used in blood typing, the diagnosis of certain diseases, and the identification of viruses by HA,HI test.)
5-Agglutination Test.
(Antibodies react With epitopes on antigens to give agglutination)
6-Neutralization reactions.
(Neutralization is an antigen- antibody reaction in which the harmful effects of a bacterial exotoxin or a virus are blocked by specific antibodies.)
7-Complement fixation test.
(This process of complement fixation can be used to detect very small amounts of antibody. Antibodies that do not produce a visible reaction, such as precipitation or agglutination, can be demonstrated by the fixing of complement.)
8-Fluorescent Antibody technique(FAT).
(Fluorescent-antibody (FA) techniques can identify microorganisms in clinical specimens(Especially in tissues) and can detect the presence of a specific antibody in serum)
9-Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
(direct ELISA detects antigens, and the indirect ELISA detects antibodies)
10-Immunoblotting,
( Immunoblotting, can be used to identify a specific protein in a mixture.)
11-Immunotherapy.
( For the treatment of disease by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response.)
(Vaccines boosts and activates the immune system and produces immunity)
2-Production of Monoclonal antibodies.
(Product of a single hybridoma reacts with the same epitope on antigens.used for diagnostic and immunotherapy)
3-Immunodiffusion Test.
( Precipitation reactions involve the reaction of soluble antigens with IgG or IgM antibodies to form large, interlocking molecular aggregates)
4-Haemagglutination Test)
(Hemagglutination reactions are used in blood typing, the diagnosis of certain diseases, and the identification of viruses by HA,HI test.)
5-Agglutination Test.
(Antibodies react With epitopes on antigens to give agglutination)
6-Neutralization reactions.
(Neutralization is an antigen- antibody reaction in which the harmful effects of a bacterial exotoxin or a virus are blocked by specific antibodies.)
7-Complement fixation test.
(This process of complement fixation can be used to detect very small amounts of antibody. Antibodies that do not produce a visible reaction, such as precipitation or agglutination, can be demonstrated by the fixing of complement.)
8-Fluorescent Antibody technique(FAT).
(Fluorescent-antibody (FA) techniques can identify microorganisms in clinical specimens(Especially in tissues) and can detect the presence of a specific antibody in serum)
9-Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
(direct ELISA detects antigens, and the indirect ELISA detects antibodies)
10-Immunoblotting,
( Immunoblotting, can be used to identify a specific protein in a mixture.)
11-Immunotherapy.
( For the treatment of disease by inducing, enhancing, or suppressing an immune response.)
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